Recommend
Official site Exodermin
Croatia (en)
Flag (Croatia)

Onychomycosis or nail fungus in an advanced stage.Signs, types, methods of treatment

According to medical statistics, onycomycosis or fungal damage is a very common nail disease, often turning into an advanced form.

Nail mushrooms - what is it?

Onikomycosis is damage to the fungus to the nail plate caused by different types of microorganisms, mainly Dermatophytic.Such pathogens can live and multiply in a favorable environment for them. The disease is contagious, for this reason, for its treatment, they are addressed as dermatologists and specialists of infectious disease.

Most often, the infection occurs in public baths, saunas, pools.The development of fungal lesions can also be provoked by damage to the nail plate, secondary state of immunity and antibiotic disorders.

   In the early stages of the development of the disease, the following symptoms occur:

  • barely visible stains and strips on the nail plate (1 degree of damage);
  • peeling skin and cracks in the fingers and interdigital areas;
  • The nail glow is lost;
  • The color of the nail plate changes;
  • The surface of the nail is deformed.

Usually people do not pay attention to these signs. In the absence of treatment, the development of fungal lesion occurs in the advanced phase, when microorganisms get into the nail plate and guide their vital activity already under it.At this stage It is difficult to get rid of the disease, as the nail becomes a kind of "housing" of fungi from the effects of local medicines.

Causes of the advanced phase of onycomycosis

The main reasons for the neglected form of nail fungus are:

  • non -effective medicines -use the use of various antifungal varnishes and creams with poor activation in the treatment of fungal nail damage;
  • Premature initiated treatment;
  • Self -medication.

Damage to the fungus to the nail plates is not as sure as it sometimes seems. Active development of microorganisms can bring their entry into the bloodstream and tissue of the internal organsWhat affects the work of immunity.There is an increase in the risk of infection with viral and infectious diseases.

also Recovery of the disease is possible.This occurs when the patient was not treated completely, did not fully follow the doctor's recommendations, with the development of microorganisms for medicines and ignoring patients with preventive measures.

What is the risk of a neglected form of nail fungus?

Developing nail fungus in a neglected form leads to consequences such as:

  • decreased immunity;
  • increased risk of viral and infectious diseases;
  • penetration of fungi into the blood and internal organs;
  • Varieties of dermatitis, eczema;
  • irritation of chronic diseases;
  • the risk of passing fungi to the skin;
  • The development of allergic reactions to toxins is the appearance of asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis.

By neurological disorders There are violations of emotional background: The appearance of depression, neurosis, frequent irritability.

When you detect nail fungus It is important to perform the right treatment This pathology, compliance with daily hygiene, and preventing prevention for all family members, as the disease is very contagious.

Hygiene procedures for fungal lesions include the use of Nail baths with the addition of soda, vinegar, sea salt, potassium permanganate, herbal decoction.It is also important to often change your socks, wipe your feet and area between your fingers after washing.

Types of fungi

The most common pathogens of onycomycosis are Dermatophytic - about 86% of all cases.Much less often the disease can cause Maya and mold mushrooms.The nail plate lesion can be observed, whose source is immediately 2 or 3 types of pathogens.

The most common onhomitosis is caused by such varieties of microorganisms:

  • dermatophytes;
  • molds;
  • Maya mushrooms.

Penetration occurs most often through its side part, damaged fusion of skin and nail plate.These microorganisms are unable to cope with the body With reduced immunity. Dermatophytes cause a change in the nail structure with the formation of cavities and ducts in it.

Nail damage can be caused and Moldingsbut rarely.When you diagnose the disease in this case It is possible to difficult to determine the pathogen, as characteristic symptoms are usually absent.In this situation can only help Bacteriological analysis. The treatment of onycomycosis, caused by mold fungi differs from the treatment of nail damage by other microorganisms.

Among the peaks, onycomycosis most often causes fungi Candida.Within the norm, they are found in the skin and mucous membranes of each person. Provocative factor For the development of nail damage, yeast fungi are also Weakening immunity.Destruction of the nail as a result of the activity of such microorganisms comes from its base, adjacent to the cuticle.

Signs of fungi in an advanced form

The following features are characterized by the advanced form of the disease:

  1. Deformation of nail plates with their thickening or thinning.Increased stratuminal layer prevents the effect of a fungus of medication.
  2. Relaxation, destruction of nail plates.
  3. Changing the color of nail plates, which may be different: from gray-yellow to brown and black.This is due to the layer of the nail, as the fungus, dirt, the stairs of the dead skin penetrate it.
  4. In the area between the fingers, the skin is red with signs of peeling, the presence of itching and pain.
  5. More than two nails are affected.
  6. Release of the nail from the nail bed or its complete destruction.

Complications

Nail mushrooms switching in a neglected shape Hazardous the fact that the active development of these microorganisms leads to a large number of toxic products they produce.

As a result, serious somatic diseases can develop:

  • Toxicoderma;
  • Toxic hepatopathy;
  • Layella syndrome.

also The disease is dangerous to themthat in the absence of proper treatment or inappropriate therapy with progress can lead to Complete destruction of the nail plate.

Lesions of the skin With a fungus infection are too complication: Red rashes appear in the body, the patient feels burnt and itching, after a while, areas that secrete the transparent form of fluid at the rash site.

many complication The spread of fungal infection is In the internal organs, as with this development of the disease treatment will be severe and long.

At risk

The following groups of people are distinguished by the most inclined to develop fungal nail damage:

  1. Old people and advanced age.

Factors provoking the fungi of such persons:

  • changes in the skin associated with age;
  • added sweat;
  • the presence of accompanying diseases;
  • drug intake that weakens the body (antibiotics, corticosteroids);
  • hormonal violations;
  • gastrointestinal disorders.
  1. Male face, Especially military, athletes (Due to the long -term wearing of special shoes, closet rooms, an ordinary soul).
  2. The people who have Family member suffers from loss of fungi Feet.
  3. City dwellers (from Reason to visit public places, such as pools, baths, saunas, gyms, manicures and pedicure salons with insufficient disinfection).

Varieties of drugs

Treatment of fungi in an advanced form must be comprehensive.After examining and performing the necessary tests, the doctor prescribes the following types of drugs:

  • System action drugs - Mushroom tablets obtained inside;
  • Local preparations - ointments, curves and creams applied to the affected areas;
  • general strengthening of the body and vitamins;
  • If there is a need - Removing the nail plate (in particularly severe cases).

Description and methods of drug use

A serious approach - Keyelles for successful treatment of fungi in an advanced form.Patients who regularly use medicines prescribed by the doctor without going through their use are the best results. With discrepancies with medical recommendations The fungus can be purchased drug resistance And you have to choose new medicines, which will lead to Difficulty.

General rules for the use of medicines:

  • Spray, executioners and ointments applied only to the cleaned and the dried surface of the nail plate;
  • All medicines for external application They are used regularly: Once or twice a day (accurate information can be read in the medicine instructions);
  • Before you apply spray or oil on the nail, It is necessary to save it as much as possible from the damaged tissue and nearby nail plate areas;
  • Using varnish - 2 times in 7 days;
  • Do not use women and pregnant children Local medicines prohibited by instructions, tabulled medicines for such patients are prohibited;
  • apply Local drugs on nails should be regularly year -round or longer;
  • Take tablets only as described by a doctor;
  • Frequency of application tablet - one or a few times a day for about 7 days, Then follows interruption for a period of about 3 weeks (depending on the medicine);
  • During the treatment You can't drink alcohol;
  • Sometimes parallel use is required drugThe detrimental reduction Impact on the liver.

Types of nail plate removal

Removing the affected nail plate Performed if drug treatment does not bring results.This procedure is needed in order to have an opportunity to grow a new healthy nail.

The standard method of removing the affected nail plate is Surgical intervention Using anesthesia in order to avoid pain.In this process, the entire nail and only its part, which are subjected to fungi, can be removed.

If you want Remove the nail without unnecessary discomfort You can choose hardware.This method is performed under sterile conditions of a medical institution.Is the inside the layout of the affected nail With the help of different gorges and steps of the device.The procedure is performed absolutely painless With the pre -softening of the nail plate with special solutions.After removing the affected areas, the oil and bandage are applied to the treated area, fixed with a patch.

The nail plate can also be removed chemical - In the affected place is overlapped Keratolic And not be removed within 2-3 days.During this time, the layer of the nail plate layer is distributed.

With a small area of fungal damage, it is possible The method of removing the house.Will first be required Steam And if necessary, use special lanes to soften its surface.then Using accessories for pedicure The affected part of the nail is removed. The method is not suitable for full removal Nail plate.

Removing the nail with a laser

Laser - the most used method in treatment Jogging nails.from The advantages of the procedure are its pain And the ability to eliminate the focus of infection at any depth.

The advantages of this method are also:

  • The safety and accuracy of the method - laser only removes affected areas without falling into neighboring fabrics, and Disinfect the wound in the nail bed area to eliminate the risk of infection;
  • ABSENCE, As the method refers to minimally invasive;
  • Short duration of the procedure - Removing a nail lasts only a few minutes;
  • High efficiency;
  • The relatively low cost of the procedure is its ACCESS.

Contraindications To perform the laser removal of the nail is the presence Decompensated mellitus diabetes, malignant tumors, inflammatory processes and viral infections In the body.You cannot perform the procedure and with Pregnancy.

The day before the laser removal, the legs should evaporate.After bath with soda and home soap, should file and cut the surface of the nail as much as possible.

When performing the laser of the nail in a place affected by the fungus, the heat is felt.For a full cure of a neglected form, about 10 procedures will be required.

Disadvantages of nail removal

Often, after removing the nail plate, undesirable consequences occur:

  • Growing a new nail on the nail bed - a kind of "side effect";
  • potential Wound infection after surgical removal (To avoid this, you need to change the bandage in time and use different ointments with antimicrobial effects);
  • potential Deformation of the new nail plate.

In the case of a nail and wound infection, it is necessary to seek medical help.

Nail fungus during pregnancy

The main factors that provoke onycomycosis during pregnancy:

  • Lack of trace elements - potassium, magnesium, phosphorus and others;
  • weakening of the body's immune forces;
  • increased sweating;
  • damaged blood flow to the leg;
  • Diabetes.

For the fetus, the risk lies in the possible occurrence of the disease at birth, as well as its transition to a chronic form.

Features of fungal treatment during pregnancy

Difficulty of treatment Onycomycosis during pregnancy It consists of stopping most modern medicines. This measure is necessary to avoid fetal damage, as such medicines are toxic.It is better to get rid of the mushrooms after the birth of children.

In case of risk of fungal lesions, a special symptomatic treatment is sometimes prescribed for the fetus.Most often, it consists of popular methods that can easily be performed at home.

Self -payment during pregnancy is not allowed - Only an experienced doctor should compile a scheme of therapy.

A common treatment for the treatment of fungi during pregnancy:

  • Softening the affected areas by applying the petroleum jelly on them before going to bed, the compresses are left until morning;
  • In the morning they make a warm bath with the addition of laundry soap and soda;
  • Discard the affected part of the nail and keratinized skin;
  • Apply local medicines prescribed by your doctor.

The nail fungal treatment course during pregnancy should not exceed 30 days.

Hydrogen peroxide against fungi

Hydrogen peroxide for onycomycosis is used in complex therapy to disinfect the affected area and destroy germs, The substance is not capable of killing fungi.This juice is good to treat the damaged area as well.

The advantage of peroxide is that it can be used by pregnant women.

This tool is used as follows:

  • Make a bath with hot water and increase the copper sulfate for evaporation of damaged nail plate areas;
  • Wipe the skin dry;
  • The peroxide is abundantly moistened with a cotton pad and applied to the damaged nail, and then fixed with a bandage;
  • After 40 minutes, the compresses are removed, a softened keratinized layer is chopped from the illuminated nails and the local antifungal drug prescribed by the doctor is applied.

Such procedures are done twice a day: in the morning and before bedtime.

Hydrogen peroxide can be used in another way.You will need 2 liters of water and 100 ml of hydrogen peroxide.The liquids are mixed and the legs are immersed in the resulting solution for half an hour.Then the legs are wiped dry, the affected areas are cut, a therapeutic oil is applied.

Nails of nails in children

Onikomycosis in children often occurs due to immune weakening. Another provocative factor is insufficient skin thickness, which is why the risk of infection with a childhood fungus increases greatly.

In treating nail fungus Children use local medicines: Ointments, lotions.They are used 1 or 2 times daily, the amount of use depends on the degree of damage.The specifics of these medicines are that they do not penetrate the blood, and They do not hurt for the baby's body.

As system medicines, the doctor can prescribe medicines in the form of capsules, tablets, syrups.The purpose of intramuscular or intravenous injections is also possible.Treatment can also be an outpatient and stationary.

System preparations have a negative effect on the kidneys and liver of the childTherefore, they are extremely rarely prescribed when local medicines are ineffective.

Home remedies

In the treatment of an advanced form, the fungus may be The following popular recipes are effective.Some of them:

  • Oil: You will need 200 g of butter, a raw chicken egg along with a shell, 100 g of acetic acid (70%).The first two ingredients are mixed, the third is poured without mixing, covered with lid, placed in the refrigerator for 7 days.Once the egg shell is distributed, the product is completely mixed. Keep in the refrigerator.
  • Kalamus roots (15 g) pour 250 ml of boiling water, the infusion is elderly for half an hour under a dense lid. Drink medicine 60 ml 4 times a day. You can use kalamus baths.In 250 ml of boiling water, fall asleep 30 g of raw material, let it create for half an hour.In the resulting juice for 15 minutes, keep the nail plates affected by the fungus. After 7 procedures, they will be destroyed. With parallel treatment, ointments against fungi for 1.5 months are possible to get rid of the disease.
  • Take Ash from 3 cigarettes, mix it from 0.5 tablespoons.Toothpaste with fluorine. Compress With this medicine for the night, the next morning to wash.
  • Propolis: Golden mustache plant links (50 pcs.) Toss 500 ml of vodka, I insist 14 days.For treatment, take 3 pieces of water and 1 piece of gold mustache solution, mix and apply on the affected nails twice a day.
  • 15 g celandine, 30 g lilac flowers, 45 g chopped oak bark are mixed.The dry mixture is poured with 500 ml of water, boiled for an hour. Compresses with this infusion are applied to damaged nail plates, Fixed with bandage.Treatment continues until a complete recovery.

All popular methods of treatment should only be used after consulting with a specialist after their approval.

Prevention measures

To avoid re -infection with a fungus, the following recommendations should be followed:

  • Carefully observe the rules of personal hygiene;
  • Perform daily disinfection of the shoe with the help of special UV dryer to destroy the fungus in it;
  • Do not walk barefoot in public places (baths, saunas or pools), after visiting and water procedures, use oil and antifungal creams;
  • Do not wear someone else's shoes and socks.

A comprehensive approach to treatment, as well as compliance with the above rules, will contribute to rapid treatment and prevention of nail fungus.